How use of Tone, Imagery & Form in Emily Dickersons poems help to Research Paper

How use of Tone, Imagery & Form in Emily Dickersons poems help to represent her feelings about life & death - Research Paper Example What critics might interpret as depression, Dickinson intended it to be wise insight. The tone of â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death† wavers between serenity and longing. As the protagonist of the poem is led away into death, which is symbolized by the carriage passing by the school and fields, there is a sense of calm and peace, almost relaxation. The protagonist is not only accepting that her death is taking place, but she is almost welcoming of it. â€Å"We slowly drove, he knew no haste, And I had put away My labor, and my leisure too (Dickinson & Vendler 42).† Though Death is the one driving slowly, the protagonist is still sitting back and allowing the journey to happen. Similarly, even though the protagonist was unable to stop for death, when death stopped for her she did not try to fight against it. However, as they passed the school and fields, a sense of longing took over as the protagonist realized all of the life that she was leaving behind her.  "We passed the school, where children strove [...], We passed the fields of grazing grain, we passed the setting sun. Or, according to Emily Dickinson and Helen Vendler (42), Death passed the protagonist (Dickinson & Vendler 42).† The protagonist included herself among those that Death was passing, revealing that she was not quite ready to go. As such, Dickinson may have been ready to accept death, but she was unable to completely let go of life. â€Å"I Felt a Funeral in My Brain† conveys the tones of aloneness and terror. Even though the poem immediately reveals that there are mourners present at this faux-funeral, the protagonist admits to feeling alone. â€Å"And I, and Silence, some some strange Race, Wrecked, solitary, here (Dickinson 97).† Since this poem discusses both death and life, there is an admittance to aloneness in both states (Farr 76). In death, the protagonist will have no one; in life, they had no one. It is in this way that Dickinson shows th ere is no difference between death and life. The tone of terror is also sensed as the protagonist descends into madness, which is what she meant by â€Å"I felt a funeral in my brain (Dickinson 97).† The protagonist is not really dying, but she is slipping into madness, and the journey is terrifying to her. Through this poem, it is revealed that life is lonely and terrifying, and death is the same way, especially because they are both being undergone alone. Despite the amount of company, life and death are independent matters. Emily Dickinson used imagery in her poems to bring new life to her own feelings. In â€Å"Because I Could Not Stop for Death,† death is personified as a man or a suitor. Instead of the cliche grim reaper, Death is a civilized, welcoming man (Raina 11). The protagonist feels no fear accepting the ride from him, which shows how she does not fear death. Furthermore, the carriage ride displays the journey from life to death. Carriages are often conne cted with royalty or pleasant outings, and this was the method of transportation for death instead of a hearse, making it a comfortable ride to death (Baker 215). The house that the carriage arrives at represents the final resting place of the protagonist. Rather than a coffin or even a mausoleum, Dickinson picks a place that signifies warmth and comfort. All of these images provide a very calming experience of death as opposed to the horrid depictions

The Cinematic Spectator

The Cinematic Spectator The cinematic spectator Both Hugo Munsterberg and Rudolf Arnheim took particular interest in the cinematic spectator and how the moving pictures on the screen affected them. Through close psychological analysis and the formulation of processes, each had their own take on the spectators engagement in the cinematic experience. Through close analysis we can get an insight and clearer understanding of why people are drawn to motion pictures and what happens to them when they arrive. Munsterberg describes viewing as an aesthetic experience while Arnheim deems it an unreal experience. This aesthetic experience Munsterberg acknowledges is where the film is a detachment or isolation from our daily routine and real time and reality are left behind, an experience that is entirely self contained (Andrew, 26). This experience begins when the picture does as slowly the spectator is disengaged from their reality and engaging with the reality on the screen. They are content in perceiving everything during that moment, isolated from all outer surroundings. This experience, according to Munsterberg, is attained through ones mind and this was the foundation for his conclusions. Based in Gestalt psychology, Munsterberg saw the mind composed as several levels where the higher were dependent on the operation and functionality of the lower. When each level was engaged, the spectator could fully engage with the picture by resolving what Munsterberg referred to as undistinguished stimuli, subconscious renderings that are summoned while viewing the work, creating a world which one could relate emotionally to the events and objects. The spectators mind, according to Munsterberg, then creates an internal object through a phi-phenomenon where emphasis is placed on the active powers of the spectator giving the film fluidity by bringing the mind to a state of full engagement and contentment, mentally held in a state of rapt attention. Munsterberg writes we do not see objective reality but a product of our own mind which binds the pictures together (The Means of the Photoplay, 411-412) which is accomplished through the means of what Munsterberg deemed photoplay. Photopl ay tells the story of the outside world through the manipulation of events to the forms of the world on the screen. This is accomplished by taking the outer space, time, and causality and adjusting the inners attention, memory, imagination and emotion. He sees the spectator as one who undergoes a psychological connection with the moving images presented on the screen and draws rational relations to them through their own personal experiences. Rudolph Arnheim sees the spectator as an active viewer who pays attention to the films form. He feels the meaning is a pattern rather than individual stimuli and shifts the focus away from the psychological side, Munsterbergs main basis, and shifts the focus to the material itself, the happenings of the film. This material Arnheim claims must be all factors which make it a less than perfect illusion of reality (Andrew, 28). This unreality takes on all aspects of the medium by manipulating the film elements such as projection, reduction, lighting, color, framing and editing. The artist controls and manipulates these elements for their own expression in trying to tell the story and to keep the viewer interested in what is presented on the screen. These aspects also make up the fabric of what Arnheim deemed film art. Arnheim says film art is based on the manipulation of the technically visible, not the humanly visual (Andrew, 29) meaning the elements and technical aspects used to create the medium must be manipulated in a way which tap into human emotions, experiences and surroundings. Trying to present these elements, however, did not come without limitations, which challenged the artists and their limits of expression. When all of the elements were presented in cohesion, Arnheim said the viewer underwent a transformation. This is shown clearly in Charlie Chaplins 1936 film Modern Times where the viewer is able to fully engage with the main character as he gracefully fumbles through his work day around the factory. We are transformed from our everyday lives into this comedic wonderland and are left wanting more. During the 1920s and 30s, spectators along with the artists were still adapting to this developing medium. Portraying and projecting posed a challenge for the filmmakers as to how they were going to take a 3D image to 2 dimensional and still be able to express themselves artistically. Arnheims take was art begins where mechanical reproduction leaves off, where the conditions of reproductions serve in some way to mold the object. And the spectator shows himself to be lacking in proper aesthetic appreciation when he is satisfied to see the picture as purely objective (PP, 1933 edition, 68-69). Since the images constantly moving and portraying body language, facial expressions and interacting with other things, the viewer must be active and engaged, not just observing the film for its images. Our eyes work with our other senses which allow us to experience the medium itself while we become lost in the illusion on the screen. These are the means by which Arnheim said the spectator can tr eat the film as such rather than reality. There are many reasons people were and still are drawn to motion pictures. We are mesmerized by the stories, images and meanings. The cinematic experience is of both mind and body. We draw from our life experiences, memories and knowledge and are transcended into another world. The experience heightens the senses; it can make you laugh or cry, leave you happy or sad. The images and thoughts from our own minds are activated and we relate to them passing on the screen. We live vicariously through the character(s) for that moment in time, we are detached from reality, emotionally attached, transcended from our daily routines.

The Presence and Justification of Autoeroticism in The Rocking-Horse Wi

D.H. Lawrence’s writings often mirror elements of his own life, though they contain decidedly fictitious components. The characters in Lawrence’s The Rocking- Horse Winner closely resemble his own family. Like Paul, Lawrence was seeking a way out of the misfortune of pre-war London living. Unlike Lawrence, Paul is already well-to-do. Paul’s search consists of a yearning for affection and acceptance. In The Rocking-Horse Winner a young boy finds a certain calling within himself that serves to vastly improve the standing of his entire family. However, Paul’s supernatural ability to choose the winners of horse races is but a cursory assessment of the story’s secrets. Digging deeper, the reader becomes aware of a darker meaning to Paul’s wild rides. There are two things are revealed throughout Paul’s character development; first, that he is seeking his mother’s affection. Secondly, in doing so, there is an apparent autoeroticis m linked to his seemingly innocent rocking-horse. Chief in the comprehension of Paul’s longing for motherly affection is having an understanding of Paul’s mother. She is generally a detached woman. Cold by most accounts, even her own, â€Å"only she herself [knows] that at the center of her heart [is] a hard little place that [can] not feel love, no, not for anybody† (Lawrence, 559). Paul’s mother feels the three children are a burden on an already cash strapped and unfulfilling relationship with her husband. Therefore, she is phony and removed where they are concerned. â€Å"She [has] bonny children, yet she [feels] they [have] been thrust upon her, and she [can] not love them [†¦] when her children [are] present, she always [feels] the center of her heart go hard† (Lawrence, 559). Symptoms of post-partum depr... ...nt Psychology: Individual Bases of Adolescent Development. Ed. Richard M. Lerner and Laurence D. Steinber. 3rd ed. Vol. 1. Hoboken: John Wiley & Sons, 2009. 576-81. Print Gioia, Dana. "The Rocking-Horse Winner." Literature: An Introduction to Fiction, Poetry, Drama, and Writing. By X. J. Kennedy. 11th ed. New York: Pearson Longman, 2010. 556-63. Print. Isaacs, Neil D. â€Å"The Autoerotic Metaphor in Joyce, Sterne, Lawrence, Stevens, and Whitman.† Literature and Psychology. 15th ed. 1965. 98-102. Print. Kazdin, Alan E. "Oedipus Complex." Encyclopedia of Psychology. Vol. 5. Washington, D.C.: American Psychological Association, 2000. 494-96. Print. Lamson, Roy, et al., eds. â€Å"Critical Analysis of ‘The Rocking-Horse Winner.’† The Critical Reader. Rev. ed. New York: Norton, 1962. 52-6. Print. Widmer, Kingsley. The Art of Perversity. Seattle: Washington UP, 1962. Print.

Argumentative Essay Abortion Essay

Our world today is full of unsolved and controversial issues. Most of them relate to our morals, ethics and religion, thus creating a very strong yes and no, or good and bad side. Abortion has a very outstanding black and white side but also contains traces of each in the alternating colour. This shows that if you were to come to any kind of conclusion on abortion, there would still be a downside to it, and that is primarily why the world cannot agree on this sensitive and emotional issue. An abortion is when the pregnancy is ended so that it does not result in the birth of a child. It allows women to put an end to their pregnancies, but involves killing the undeveloped embryo or fetus. For this reason, it is a very controversial subject. Being pregnant and wishing you weren’t is probably the worst feeling a woman can have. Knowing that if you brought a child into the world and you didn’t want it, or you would have to give it up for adoption is such a disheartening way to start off, and you and the un-born child would be so much better off if you were to terminate the pregnancy and wait for a more appropriate time, or in the case of rape, put the past behind you and move on. When we hear of women having abortions, we seem to automatically think that she wasn’t careful enough, or she didn’t use contraception. We forget to stop and think about the other possible reasons, she may have accidentally become pregnant. Just forgetting to take one pill per packet can reduce it’s effectiveness. Condoms can tear or be forgotten, and emergency contraceptives like the morning after pill are not easily obtainable. 50% of women getting an abortion in Britain used some form of contraception when they got pregnant. This obviously shows that women are having huge problems with using contraception, and something needs to be done about it. This also means that we can’t judge people immediately. Women are still getting pregnant even though they use contraceptives. I think that women have the right to get an abortion if they tried to prevent the pregnacy. My thesis is: Abortion should be legalized. Arguments: 1. Personhood begins at birth, not at fertilization,. 2. Fetuses are incapable of feeling pain when an abortion is performed. 3. An association between abortion and breast cancer is unsubstantiated. Counter arguments: 1. Abortion involves killing a human being 2. Fetuses feel pain during the abortion procedure 3. Abortion increases the likelihood that women will develop breast cancer Refutation of the counter argument: 1. A lot of people have the counter argument â€Å"abortion is murder†. That’s not true, abortion is the termination of a pregnancy, not a baby. Personhood at fertilization, is not a proven biological fact. To think that personhood starts at fertilization is a religious belief, nor a provable fact. 2. According to Stuart W. G. Derbyshire, PhD, Senior Lecturer at the University of Birmingham (England), â€Å"not only has the biological development not yet occurred to support pain experience, but the environment after birth, so necessary to the development of pain experience, is also yet to occur.† 3. The National Cancer Institute, the American Cancer Society, and the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists have all refuted the reliability of studies claiming abortion can lead to a higher probability of developing breast cancer. 1. Stuart W. G. Derbyshire, PhD, â€Å"Can Fetuses Feel Pain?,† British Medical Journal, Apr. 29, 2006 2. Planned Parenthood of New Jersey, â€Å"Anti-choice Claims About Abortion and Breast Cancer,† Sources used in this report: http://www.bmj.com/content/332/7546/909 http://www.debate.org/abortion-debate/ http://www.patheos.com/blogs/rogereolson/2013/07/questions-about-both-sides-of-the-abortion-debate/ http://www.rfsu.se/Sex-och-politik/Fokus-SRHR/Ratten-till-abort/ www.plannedparenthoodnj.org

Digital Fortress Chapter 5

â€Å"Where is everyone?† Susan wondered as she crossed the deserted Crypto floor. Some emergency. Although most NSA departments were fully staffed seven days a week, Crypto was generally quiet on Saturdays. Cryptographic mathematicians were by nature high-strung workaholics, and there existed an unwritten rule that they take Saturdays off except in emergencies. Code-breakers were too valuable a commodity at the NSA to risk losing them to burnout. As Susan traversed the floor, TRANSLTR loomed to her right. The sound of the generators eight stories below sounded oddly ominous today. Susan never liked being in Crypto during off hours. It was like being trapped alone in a cage with some grand, futuristic beast. She quickly made her way toward the commander's office. Strathmore's glass-walled workstation, nicknamed â€Å"the fishbowl† for its appearance when the drapes were open, stood high atop a set of catwalk stairs on the back wall of Crypto. As Susan climbed the grated steps, she gazed upward at Strathmore's thick, oak door. It bore the NSA seal-a bald eagle fiercely clutching an ancient skeleton key. Behind that door sat one of the greatest men she'd ever met. Commander Strathmore, the fifty-six-year-old deputy director of operations, was like a father to Susan. He was the one who'd hired her, and he was the one who'd made the NSA her home. When Susan joined the NSA over a decade ago, Strathmore was heading the Crypto Development Division-a training ground for new cryptographers-new male cryptographers. Although Strathmore never tolerated the hazing of anyone, he was especially protective of his sole female staff member. When accused of favoritism, he simply replied with the truth: Susan Fletcher was one of the brightest young recruits he'd ever seen, and he had no intention of losing her to sexual harassment. One of the cryptographers foolishly decided to test Strathmore's resolve. One morning during her first year, Susan dropped by the new cryptographers' lounge to get some paperwork. As she left, she noticed a picture of herself on the bulletin board. She almost fainted in embarrassment. There she was, reclining on a bed and wearing only panties. As it turned out, one of the cryptographers had digitally scanned a photo from a pornographic magazine and edited Susan's head onto someone else's body. The effect had been quite convincing. Unfortunately for the cryptographer responsible, Commander Strathmore did not find the stunt even remotely amusing. Two hours later, a landmark memo went out: EMPLOYEE CARL AUSTIN TERMINATED FOR INAPPROPRIATE CONDUCT. From that day on, nobody messed with her; Susan Fletcher was Commander Strathmore's golden girl. But Strathmore's young cryptographers were not the only ones who learned to respect him; early in his career Strathmore made his presence known to his superiors by proposing a number of unorthodox and highly successful intelligence operations. As he moved up the ranks, Trevor Strathmore became known for his cogent, reductive analyses of highly complex situations. He seemed to have an uncanny ability to see past the moral perplexities surrounding the NSA's difficult decisions and to act without remorse in the interest of the common good. There was no doubt in anyone's mind that Strathmore loved his country. He was known to his colleagues as a patriot and a visionary†¦ a decent man in a world of lies. In the years since Susan's arrival at the NSA, Strathmore had skyrocketed from head of Crypto Development to second-in-command of the entire NSA. Now only one man outranked Commander Strathmore there-Director Leland Fontaine, the mythical overlord of the Puzzle Palace-never seen, occasionally heard, and eternally feared. He and Strathmore seldom saw eye to eye, and when they met, it was like the clash of the titans. Fontaine was a giant among giants, but Strathmore didn't seem to care. He argued his ideas to the director with all the restraint of an impassioned boxer. Not even the President of the United States dared challenge Fontaine the way Strathmore did. One needed political immunity to do that-or, in Strathmore's case, political indifference. Susan arrived at the top of the stairs. Before she could knock, Strathmore's electronic door lock buzzed. The door swung open, and the commander waved her in. â€Å"Thanks for coming, Susan. I owe you one.† â€Å"Not at all.† She smiled as she sat opposite his desk. Strathmore was a rangy, thick-fleshed man whose muted features somehow disguised his hard-nosed efficiency and demand for perfection. His gray eyes usually suggested a confidence and discretion born from experience, but today they looked wild and unsettled. â€Å"You look beat,† Susan said. â€Å"I've been better.† Strathmore sighed. I'll say, she thought. Strathmore looked as bad as Susan had ever seen him. His thinning gray hair was disheveled, and even in the room's crisp air-conditioning, his forehead was beaded with sweat. He looked like he'd slept in his suit. He was sitting behind a modern desk with two recessed keypads and a computer monitor at one end. It was strewn with computer printouts and looked like some sort of alien cockpit propped there in the center of his curtained chamber. â€Å"Tough week?† she inquired. Strathmore shrugged. â€Å"The usual. The EFF's all over me about civilian privacy rights again.† Susan chuckled. The EFF, or Electronics Frontier Foundation, was a worldwide coalition of computer users who had founded a powerful civil liberties coalition aimed at supporting free speech on-line and educating others to the realities and dangers of living in an electronic world. They were constantly lobbying against what they called â€Å"the Orwellian eavesdropping capabilities of government agencies†-particularly the NSA. The EFF was a perpetual thorn in Strathmore's side. â€Å"Sounds like business as usual,† she said. â€Å"So what's this big emergency you got me out of the tub for?† Strathmore sat a moment, absently fingering the computer trackball embedded in his desktop. After a long silence, he caught Susan's gaze and held it. â€Å"What's the longest you've ever seen TRANSLTR take to break a code?† The question caught Susan entirely off guard. It seemed meaningless. This is what he called me in for? â€Å"Well†¦Ã¢â‚¬  She hesitated. â€Å"We hit a COMINT intercept a few months ago that took about an hour, but it had a ridiculously long key-ten thousand bits or something like that.† Strathmore grunted. â€Å"An hour, huh? What about some of the boundary probes we've run?† Susan shrugged. â€Å"Well, if you include diagnostics, it's obviously longer.† â€Å"How much longer?† Susan couldn't imagine what Strathmore was getting at. â€Å"Well, sir, I tried an algorithm last March with a segmented million-bit key. Illegal looping functions, cellular automata, the works. TRANSLTR still broke it.† â€Å"How long?† â€Å"Three hours.† Strathmore arched his eyebrows. â€Å"Three hours? That long?† Susan frowned, mildly offended. Her job for the last three years had been to fine-tune the most secret computer in the world; most of the programming that made TRANSLTR so fast was hers. A million-bit key was hardly a realistic scenario. â€Å"Okay,† Strathmore said. â€Å"So even in extreme conditions, the longest a code has ever survived inside TRANSLTR is about three hours?† Susan nodded. â€Å"Yeah. More or less.† Strathmore paused as if afraid to say something he might regret. Finally he looked up. â€Å"TRANSLTR's hit something†¦Ã¢â‚¬  He stopped. Susan waited. â€Å"More than three hours?† Strathmore nodded. She looked unconcerned. â€Å"A new diagnostic? Something from the Sys-Sec Department?† Strathmore shook his head. â€Å"It's an outside file.† Susan waited for the punch line, but it never came. â€Å"An outside file? You're joking, right?† â€Å"I wish. I queued it last night around eleven thirty. It hasn't broken yet.† Susan's jaw dropped. She looked at her watch and then back at Strathmore. â€Å"It's still going? Over fifteen hours?† Strathmore leaned forward and rotated his monitor toward Susan. The screen was black except for a small, yellow text box blinking in the middle. TIME ELAPSED: 15:09:33 AWAITING KEY: ________ Susan stared in amazement. It appeared TRANSLTR had been working on one code for over fifteen hours. She knew the computer's processors auditioned thirty million keys per second-one hundred billion per hour. If TRANSLTR was still counting, that meant the key had to be enormous-over ten billion digits long. It was absolute insanity. â€Å"It's impossible!† she declared. â€Å"Have you checked for error flags? Maybe TRANSLTR hit a glitch and-â€Å" â€Å"The run's clean.† â€Å"But the pass-key must be huge!† Strathmore shook his head. â€Å"Standard commercial algorithm. I'm guessing a sixty-four-bit key.† Mystified, Susan looked out the window at TRANSLTR below. She knew from experience that it could locate a sixty-four-bit key in under ten minutes. â€Å"There's got to be some explanation.† Strathmore nodded. â€Å"There is. You're not going to like it.† Susan looked uneasy. â€Å"Is TRANSLTR malfunctioning?† â€Å"TRANSLTR's fine.† â€Å"Have we got a virus?† Strathmore shook his head. â€Å"No virus. Just hear me out.† Susan was flabbergasted. TRANSLTR had never hit a code it couldn't break in under an hour. Usually the cleartext was delivered to Strathmore's printout module within minutes. She glanced at the high-speed printer behind his desk. It was empty. â€Å"Susan,† Strathmore said quietly. â€Å"This is going to be hard to accept at first, but just listen a minute.† He chewed his lip. â€Å"This code that TRANSLTR's working on-it's unique. It's like nothing we've ever seen before.† Strathmore paused, as if the words were hard for him to say. â€Å"This code is unbreakable.† Susan stared at him and almost laughed. Unbreakable? What was THAT supposed to mean? There was no such thing as an unbreakable code-some took longer than others, but every code was breakable. It was mathematically guaranteed that sooner or later TRANSLTR would guess the right key. â€Å"I beg your pardon?† â€Å"The code's unbreakable,† he repeated flatly. Unbreakable? Susan couldn't believe the word had been uttered by a man with twenty-seven years of code analysis experience. â€Å"Unbreakable, sir?† she said uneasily. â€Å"What about the Bergofsky Principle?† Susan had learned about the Bergofsky Principle early in her career. It was a cornerstone of brute-force technology. It was also Strathmore's inspiration for building TRANSLTR. The principle clearly stated that if a computer tried enough keys, it was mathematically guaranteed to find the right one. A code's security was not that its pass-key was unfindable but rather that most people didn't have the time or equipment to try. Strathmore shook his head. â€Å"This code's different.† â€Å"Different?† Susan eyed him askance. An unbreakable code is a mathematical impossibility! He knows that! Strathmore ran a hand across his sweaty scalp. â€Å"This code is the product of a brand-new encryption algorithm-one we've never seen before.† Now Susan was even more doubtful. Encryption algorithms were just mathematical formulas, recipes for scrambling text into code. Mathematicians and programmers created new algorithms every day. There were hundreds of them on the market-PGP, Diffie-Hellman, ZIP, IDEA, El Gamal. TRANSLTR broke all of their codes every day, no problem. To TRANSLTR all codes looked identical, regardless of which algorithm wrote them. â€Å"I don't understand,† she argued. â€Å"We're not talking about reverse-engineering some complex function, we're talking brute force. PGP, Lucifer, DSA-it doesn't matter. The algorithm generates a key it thinks is secure, and TRANSLTR keeps guessing until it finds it.† Strathmore's reply had the controlled patience of a good teacher. â€Å"Yes, Susan, TRANSLTR will always find the key-even if it's huge.† He paused a long moment. â€Å"Unless†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Susan wanted to speak, but it was clear Strathmore was about to drop his bomb. Unless what? â€Å"Unless the computer doesn't know when it's broken the code.† Susan almost fell out of her chair. â€Å"What!† â€Å"Unless the computer guesses the correct key but just keeps guessing because it doesn't realize it found the right key.† Strathmore looked bleak. â€Å"I think this algorithm has got a rotating cleartext.† Susan gaped. The notion of a rotating cleartext function was first put forth in an obscure, 1987 paper by a Hungarian mathematician, Josef Harne. Because brute-force computers broke codes by examining cleartext for identifiable word patterns, Harne proposed an encryption algorithm that, in addition to encrypting, shifted decrypted cleartext over a time variant. In theory, the perpetual mutation would ensure that the attacking computer would never locate recognizable word patterns and thus never know when it had found the proper key. The concept was somewhat like the idea of colonizing Mars-fathomable on an intellectual level, but, at present, well beyond human ability. â€Å"Where did you get this thing?† she demanded. The commander's response was slow. â€Å"A public sector programmer wrote it.† â€Å"What?† Susan collapsed back in her chair. â€Å"We've got the best programmers in the world downstairs! All of us working together have never even come close to writing a rotating cleartext function. Are you trying to tell me some punk with a PC figured out how to do it?† Strathmore lowered his voice in an apparent effort to calm her. â€Å"I wouldn't call this guy a punk.† Susan wasn't listening. She was convinced there had to be some other explanation: A glitch. A virus. Anything was more likely than an unbreakable code. Strathmore eyed her sternly. â€Å"One of the most brilliant cryptographic minds of all time wrote this algorithm.† Susan was more doubtful than ever; the most brilliant cryptographic minds of all time were in her department, and she certainly would have heard about an algorithm like this. â€Å"Who?† she demanded. â€Å"I'm sure you can guess.† Strathmore said. â€Å"He's not too fond of the NSA.† â€Å"Well, that narrows it down!† she snapped sarcastically. â€Å"He worked on the TRANSLTR project. He broke the rules. Almost caused an intelligence nightmare. I deported him.† Susan's face was blank only an instant before going white. â€Å"Oh my God†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Strathmore nodded. â€Å"He's been bragging all year about his work on a brute-force-resistant algorithm.† â€Å"B-but†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Susan stammered. â€Å"I thought he was bluffing. He actually did it?† â€Å"He did. The ultimate unbreakable code-writer.† Susan was silent a long moment. â€Å"But†¦ that means†¦Ã¢â‚¬  Strathmore looked her dead in the eye. â€Å"Yes. Ensei Tankado just made TRANSLTR obsolete.†

Free Essays on Adhd

ADHD or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a major problem among the youth of America today. ADHD is treated with Ritalin, stratera, or adderall. These drugs calm the person to make then function at a normal level. Many famous individuals had ADHD. Einstein was one. Would Einstein be what he was if he took medication? Einstein, like many other did not take medication for their disorder. Could he have had more success or less with treatment? Many individuals think that having ADHD is a gift. Tomas Edison, Salvador Dail, and Winston Churchill are other famous people who were diagnosed with ADHD. As many as 12% of children today have bin diagnosed with ADHD. ADHD in pre schools is up to 49%. ADHD could greatly increase creativity in the youth of the world. A student in a chem. Lab will think more creatively with ADHD. David Neeleman, CEO Of jet blue airways never took his prescription for his ADHD. David claims that because of not taking medication that he was able to think a lot more unconventionally. David is now the CEO of one of the hottest airlines around. Jet Blue is a revolution in air travel because of the way it is set up. More leg room and also a personal TV in the back of every chair. David claims that having ADHD was one of the reasons that he was able to come up with such elaborate ideas. Studies are starting to advance in seeing what other types of medication could be used to treat ADHD. I was diagnosed with ADHD when I was in 6th grade. I was medicated for about a year and then the doctor said that I had such a slight case that I would be fine with out medication. Some people live on their medication. My little cousin has a sever case of ADHD. Before he was on medication he was uncontrollable. You can tell if you’re around him if he is on of off his medication. When it wears off he is like a time bomb waiting to explode. This research is going to be very valuable informa... Free Essays on ADHD Free Essays on ADHD There are at least two million children and adolescents with Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder (ADHD) in the United States (Moragne 24). All around us, ADHD causes clever children and adults to under function at school or work. ADHD needs to be taken seriously. People need to be aware of what ADHD is, what some of the characteristics and symptoms are, what some of the probable causes are, and some ways it can be treated. ADHD is one of the most common childhood behaviors. The prognosis for ADHD can be alarming if not treated. ADHD must be recognized and treated properly. If this does not happen, it will continue to severely disadvantage children and adults. The best time to diagnose and give support is early. Poorly managed ADHD can lead to serious long-term problems such as feeling dumb, low self-esteem, academic failure and more. There are different types of ADHD with a variety of characteristics. No one has all the same symptoms or displays the disorder in the exact same way. ADHD is diagnosed ten times more frequently in boys than girls (Discovery). Many girls have the predominantly inattentive type of the disorder and are likely not being identified and diagnosed (Green 6). ADHD is a developmental disorder characterized by inappropriate degrees of inattention, overactivity, and impulsivity. It is a disorder causing excessive activity level, excessive distractibility, and excessive responsiveness and emotional reactions. ADHD is also a lifelong disorder. It generally continues into adolescence, and sometimes even into adulthood. However, the symptoms may change as the person matures. The challenging behaviors that are exhibited by children with ADHD stem from their physiological, neurobiological disorder. The inappropriate and dangerous behaviors they may display are generally not willful or deliberate (Mor agne 26). The diagnosis of ADHD is complex. There are a number of other medical, learning, psychiatric, and s... Free Essays on Adhd Attention Deficit Disorder in Today's Society Attention deficit disorder is the subject of two widely challenged debates in medicinal practice and theory. One, the argument for ADD being a clinical and mental â€Å"disorder†, is in favor of medical treatment, claiming the diagnosis is attributable to brain damage or neurological defects. The second gives an alternative idea behind ADD, stating that people showing traits of the disorder often exemplify characteristics such as creativity, inventiveness, and even giftedness. As a rising percentage of children are being diagnosed with the disorder, more and more research has been called for, in an attempt to find an actual cause. ADD is classified as multi-factorial, meaning that multiple reasons are generally attributed to its development and diagnosis. A diagnostic criterion includes hyperactivity, impulsivity, and inattention. The intent of this paper is to provide arguments and evidence on both sides of the issue, followed by standard and alternative methods for dealing with ADD. The history of attention deficit disorder goes back to World War 1, when a number of soldiers who experienced head injuries demonstrated hyperactivity as a side effect. It was then that ADD was classified as a disorder related to either brain damage or a defect of some kind. It has been proven, however, that this is false. ADD or attention deficit hyperactive disorder (ADHD) can also be attributed to giftedness. Studies show that ADD is genetic and it runs in families. Years ago, children exhibiting severe affects of hyperactivity were primarily diagnosed, mostly because they suffered brain damage or trauma. Today, the diagnostic criterion has been expanded so that any underachiever or inattentive child fits the bill. Subsequently, millions of kids in America are getting labeled as ADD. Most studies show that 3 to 5 percent of the population possesses attention deficit disorder. Symptoms related to the... Free Essays on ADHD ADHD is attention deficit disorder accompanied by impassivity and over activity. Medical scientists think ADHD is caused by a chemical problem in the brain. The front part of the brain helps you pay attention, concentrate, organize things, and put breaks on impulsive or unacceptable behavior. People’s brains with ADHD may not be able to use the brain’s main signal senders, neurotransmitters, the way it is suppose to. The front part of the brain has very little to do with intelligence, so it is possible to be very smart and still have ADHD. â€Å" 3-5% of school-age children are affected by ADHD. Hyperactivity is easy to spot, and more boys than girls tend to be hyperactivity. If one person in a family has ADHD, there is a good chance that someone else in the family had or has it too.† (Beal 10) It is best to get evaluated for ADHD as early as possible. In most cases, someone at school, a teacher, counselor, or principal suggest a student be tested for ADHD. The evaluations usually take time and are done in two parts. First a student takes one or more of the following tests: Intelligence – to help evaluate the students IQ and reasoning abilities. Achievement – to find the actual grade level the student is working at. Fine motor skills – to see if there are problems with the student’s hand-eye coordination and/or writing skills. Then the student is evaluated. Parents are asked to describe their child’s behavior over a long period of time. The student’s teachers are asked to rate the student’s behavior using standardized forms, and to give their personal opinion of the student’s schoolwork and behavior. The student is asked what they think their problem is what their thoughts and feelings are and, what they do at home and school. When all the information from the test, evaluations, and observations has been combined, a medical diagnosis is made. â€Å"A diagnosis of ADHD is given only if the child has a life long ... Free Essays on Adhd ADHD or attention deficit hyperactivity disorder is a major problem among the youth of America today. ADHD is treated with Ritalin, stratera, or adderall. These drugs calm the person to make then function at a normal level. Many famous individuals had ADHD. Einstein was one. Would Einstein be what he was if he took medication? Einstein, like many other did not take medication for their disorder. Could he have had more success or less with treatment? Many individuals think that having ADHD is a gift. Tomas Edison, Salvador Dail, and Winston Churchill are other famous people who were diagnosed with ADHD. As many as 12% of children today have bin diagnosed with ADHD. ADHD in pre schools is up to 49%. ADHD could greatly increase creativity in the youth of the world. A student in a chem. Lab will think more creatively with ADHD. David Neeleman, CEO Of jet blue airways never took his prescription for his ADHD. David claims that because of not taking medication that he was able to think a lot more unconventionally. David is now the CEO of one of the hottest airlines around. Jet Blue is a revolution in air travel because of the way it is set up. More leg room and also a personal TV in the back of every chair. David claims that having ADHD was one of the reasons that he was able to come up with such elaborate ideas. Studies are starting to advance in seeing what other types of medication could be used to treat ADHD. I was diagnosed with ADHD when I was in 6th grade. I was medicated for about a year and then the doctor said that I had such a slight case that I would be fine with out medication. Some people live on their medication. My little cousin has a sever case of ADHD. Before he was on medication he was uncontrollable. You can tell if you’re around him if he is on of off his medication. When it wears off he is like a time bomb waiting to explode. This research is going to be very valuable informa...

The eNotes Blog Alice Munro Wins the 2013 Nobel Prize inLiterature

Alice Munro Wins the 2013 Nobel Prize inLiterature â€Å"A story is not like a road to follow†¦its more like a house. You go inside and stay there for a while, wandering back and forth and settling where you like and discovering how the room and corridors relate to each other, how the world outside is altered by being viewed from these windows. Canadian writer Alice Munro has been awarded 2013s Nobel Prize in Literature.   Often heralded as one of our greatest contemporary writers of fiction, Munro is best known for her short stories which are accessible yet complex narratives about the human condition.   Her best-known works include Lives of Girls and Women (1973), The Love of a Good Woman (1998) and Runaway (2004). A collection of her work, Too Much Happiness: Stories, was published in 2009. 2009 is also the year in which Munro was award the coveted Man Booker International Prize for her lifetime body of work.   Additionally, she has been awarded Canadas literary honor, the Scotiabank Giller Prize, twice.   She might have won a third but she removed her name from the contenders in 2009 saying that she wanted to give younger, less-established authors an opportunity. Munro, now 82, has been writing her entire adult life.   In an interview with The Paris Review, she tells interviewers Jeanne McCulloch and  Mona Simpson how she seized whatever time she had available as a young wife and  mother: When the kids were little, my time was as soon as they left for school. So I worked very hard in those years. My husband and I owned a bookstore, and even when I was working there, I stayed at home until noon. I was supposed to be doing housework, and I would also do my writing then. Later on, when I wasn’t working everyday in the store, I would write until everybody came home for lunch and then after they went back, probably till about two-thirty, and then I would have a quick cup of coffee and start doing the housework, trying to get it all done before late afternoon. INTERVIEWER What about before the girls were old enough to go to school? MUNRO Their naps. INTERVIEWER You wrote when they had naps? MUNRO Yes. From one to three in the afternoon. I wrote a lot of stuff that wasn’t any good, but I was fairly productive. While she has  always  worked steadily and hard, in the same interview, Munro admits that, some sixty years later, the writing process is often difficult and fraught with frustration: MUNRO I have stacks of notebooks that contain this terribly clumsy writing, which is just getting anything down. I often wonder, when I look at these first drafts, if there was any point in doing this at all. I’m the opposite of a writer with a quick gift, you know, someone who gets it piped in. I don’t grasp it very readily at all, the â€Å"it† being whatever I’m trying to do. I often get on the wrong track and have to haul myself back. INTERVIEWER How do you realize you’re on the wrong track? MUNRO I could be writing away one day and think I’ve done very well; I’ve done more pages than I usually do. Then I get up the next morning and realize I don’t want to work on it anymore. When I have a terrible reluctance to go near it, when I would have to push myself to continue, I generally know that something is badly wrong. Often, in about three quarters of what I do, I reach a point somewhere, fairly early on, when I think I’m going to abandon this story. I get myself through a day or two of bad depression, grouching around. And I think of something else I can write. It’s sort of like a love affair: you’re getting out of all the disappointment and misery by going out with some new man you don’t really like at all, but you haven’t noticed that yet. Then, I will suddenly come up with something about the story that I abandoned; I will see how to do it. But that only seems to happen after I’ve said, No, this isn’t goin g to work, forget it.

When Two Stars Orbit Together

When Two Stars Orbit Together Since our solar system  has a single  star  at its heart, its logical to assume that all stars form independently and travel the galaxy alone. However,  it turns out that about a third (or possibly even more) of all stars are born in our galaxy (and in other galaxies) exist in multiple-star systems. There can be two stars (called a binary), three stars, or even more.   The Mechanics of a Binary Star Binaries (two stars orbiting around a common center of mass) are very common in the sky.  The larger of the two stars in such a system is called the primary star, while the smaller one is the companion or secondary star. One of the best-known binaries in the sky is the bright star Sirius, which has a very dim companion. Another favorite is Albireo, part of the constellation Cygnus, the Swan. Both are easy to spot, but it requires telescope or binoculars to see the components of each binary system.   The term binary star system should not be confused with the term double star. Such  systems are usually defined as two stars that appear to be interacting, but actually are very distant from each other and have no physical connection. It can be confusing to tell them apart, especially from a distance.   It can also be quite difficult to identify the individual stars of a binary system, as one or both of the stars may be non-optical  (in other words, not especially bright in visible light).  When such systems are found though, they usually fall into one of four following categories. Visual Binaries As the name suggests, visual binaries are systems in which the stars can be identified individually. Interestingly, in order to do so, it is necessary for the stars to be not too bright. (Of course, distance to the objects is also a determining factor if they will be individually resolved or not.) If one of the stars is of high luminosity, then its brightness will drown out the view of the companion. That makes it difficult to see. Visual binaries are detected with telescopes, or sometimes with binoculars. In many cases, other binaries, like those listed below, could be determined to be visual binaries when observed with powerful enough instruments. So the list of systems in this class is continually growing as more observations are made with more powerful telescopes. Spectroscopic Binaries Spectroscopy is a powerful tool in astronomy. It allows astronomers to determine various properties of stars simply by studying their light in minute detail. However, in the case of binaries, spectroscopy can also reveal that a star system may, in fact, be composed of two or more stars. How does this work? As two stars orbit each other they will at times be moving towards us, and away from us at others. This will cause their light to be blueshifted then redshifted  repeatedly.  By measuring the frequency of these shifts we can calculate information about their orbital parameters. Because spectroscopic binaries are often very close to each other (so close that even a good telescope cant split them apart, they are rarely also visual binaries. In the odd instances that they are, these systems are usually very close to Earth and have very long periods (the farther apart that they are, the longer it takes them to orbit their common axis). Closeness and long periods make the partners of each system easier to spot. Astrometric Binaries Astrometric binaries are stars that appear to be in orbit under the influence of an unseen gravitational force.  Often enough, the second star is a very dim source of electromagnetic radiation, either a small brown dwarf or perhaps a very old neutron star that has spun down below the death line. Information about the missing star can be ascertained by measuring the orbital characteristics of the optical star. The methodology for finding astrometric binaries is also used to find exoplanets (planets outside our solar system) by looking for wobbles in a star. Based on this motion the masses and orbital distances of the planets can be determined. Eclipsing Binaries In eclipsing binary systems the orbital plane of the stars is directly in our line of sight. Therefore the stars pass in front of each other as they orbit. When the dimmer star passes in front of the brighter star there is a significant dip in the observed brightness of the system. Then when the dimmer star moves behind the other, there is a smaller, but still measurable dip in brightness. Based on the time scale and magnitudes of these dips, the orbital characteristics, as well as information about the stars relative sizes and masses, can be determined. Eclipsing binaries can also be good candidates for spectroscopic binaries, though, like those systems they are rarely if ever found to be visual binary systems. Binary stars can teach astronomers a lot about their individual systems.They can also give clues to their formation, and the conditions under which they were born, since there had to be enough material in the birth nebula for both to form and not disrupt each other. In addition, there werent likely large sibling stars nearby, since those would have eaten up the material needed for the formation of the binaries.   The science of binaries is still very much an active topic in astronomy research.   Edited and updated by Carolyn Collins Petersen.

Coaching and Mentoring Skills Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Coaching and Mentoring Skills - Assignment Example That is, instead of following the performance management process from the manager’s perspective alone, other employees and stakeholders within and outside the organization also get the opportunity to be part of the process (Schraeder & Jordan, 2011). This provision really fits my personality because I am a person who is open to ideas and a manager who prefers the democratic leadership style. In other to use the 360 degree appraisal effectively, there are a number of skills that are very important for achieving success. The first of these is mentorship and coaching. Mentorship and coaching are necessary for the 360 degree appraisal as it is the only way by which other stakeholders who make input to the system can make meaningful contributions (Grote, 2000). Secondly, the skill of evaluation is highly relevant in ensuring that while using this appraisal system, the most accurate evaluation outcomes can be rendered to employees. Last but not least, the skill of corrective training is very relevant if the outcome of the appraisal can be used as a basis for shaping employees to become useful contributors to the

Commercialism in schools Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 6250 words

Commercialism in schools - Research Paper Example However, a business can only assist a school by giving in a sustainable manner and this means that the ways in which businesses interact with schools ought to be creative, beneficial and useful for everyone. A business must earn, involve people in activities, try to expand economic activity and try to fulfill needs. Commercialism is the way of life in the United States of America and the world, but it is important to carry on with commercialism in a responsible manner to create and not to damage all those who are involved. Thus, despite the flawed schemes of the past, it is likely that business involvement in schools will continue in the future, with more creative and constructive schemes for interaction evolving with time. This study presents a critical discussion about commercialism in schools from a historical perspective and utilizes a process of examining reports presented over the years past about the commercialism in schools phenomenon. The 2002 Alex Molnar and Joseph Reeves Article presenting Systematic Data related to Growth of Schoolhouse Commercialism and the Assault on Educative Experience in Journal of Curriculum and Supervision 7 The Ninth Annual Report on Commercialism in Schools by Alex Molnar, Published by Arizona State University Commercialism in Education Research Unit on November 2006 12 Article Moving from Theory to Practice: One Teacher’s Journey towards a Commercial-Free Classroom by Cathy Hart, Published in Canadian Teachers Federation Newsletter, Volume 6, No. 3, 2006 19 The March 24, 2003 Article on Commercialism in Schools: A Moral Imperative for School Leaders by Tom Goodney, Published on March 24, 2003 by Miami University Initiative Anthology 20 Figure 3: Combined total Hits for Media

Textual Analysis Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Textual Analysis - Essay Example However, Stone would be the first to insist the film is not a documentary. There are several places in the historical record that are unclear or that Stone obviously had a difficult time believing, which he has filled with conjecture, hearsay and sometimes flimsy evidence. Several key characters portrayed in the story never actually existed either, but Stone created them out of composite elements of a number of people who were a part of the historic record. By doing this, he also opens the film up for an exploration of a number of the major conspiracy theories regarding the assassination including examining time lines, actions, events and connections between characters. The consistent build up of evidentiary material creates a sense of sustained suspense that has qualified the film for placement in the political horror genre in some circles, especially when one considers the opening sequence in more detail. Despite his insistence that the film is not an attempt to portray a historica lly factual documentary regarding Kennedy's assassination in Dallas, Stone employs several real-life players in the film to help depict his version of events. The most prominent character is the assassinated President himself as he appears in this opening montage sequence. By refusing to recast the president, Stone proves his talent working with limited available footage. He also immediately injects a sense of reality into the story because everyone knows the former President was killed on that day and therefore could not have been available to shoot the new scenes Stone might have wanted in the film. The most impactful video clip used in this montage is the significant portion of the Zapruder film in which President Kennedy goes from being a happy smiling President waving to the crowds through the horrifying few seconds it takes for him to be fatally wounded. With this film, Stone immediately creates a somber mood of reflection as audiences realize this is the actual event and not a staged recreation. The events seen in that small, grainy film, which Stone did nothing significant to improve, actually happened in real life and changed the course of a nation. As the open-topped limousine speeds off toward the hospital, the audience is aware that the President is already dead. The video montage of the first section of the film establishes its link with reality through its almost exclusive use of actual news footage taken of the President and his family throughout his term in office and family footage that has become a part of the national archives. Other footage provides other important information about events of the time such as Eisenhower’s farewell address to the nation, Kennedy’s narrow margin of victory in winning the election, details of the Cuban Missile Crisis, and the Vietnam situation. Mixed with this authentic footage are several created scenes such as the footage of Jerry Belknap. Within the later body of the film, Belknap is said to h ave been an unidentified man who suffered an epileptic seizure moments before the shooting and drew away some of the attention of the security officers on duty that day. These scenes are integrated so smoothly that they seem to be as authentic as the news footage scenes that have been shown to this point. When it

Background and issue of Kenya Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2500 words

Background and issue of Kenya - Assignment Example Background and issue of Kenya These terror attacks include the Mpeketoni and Lamu attacks in the coastal regions, the Westgate Mall attacks in the capital city of Kenya-Nairobi and other attacks in Mandera, and Wajir in northeastern Kenya. All these coupled with the negative and exaggerated media reports on the security situation in the country has led to the decline in the number of tourists in the country (Ellis and Bank, 2007, p. 300). However, the government has intervened to ensure that the issue of security is resolved once and for all. This report will include a statement of issues facing tourism sector in the country, portrayal of the country and the tourism sites together with the tourism ITS perspectives. There are various issues facing tourism industry in Kenya. One of them is the issue of insecurity especially through various terror attacks. Recently, the terror groups have embarked on posing a security threat to the country thus reducing the number of tourists in the country. One of the massive terror attacks occurred in the Westgate mall in September 2013 (Obadiah, Nicholas and Josephine, 2012, p. 23). This terror attacks claimed many lives in the country and it resulted into tourism fearing for their security thus failing to tour the country as they did before. The second issue facing the tourism sector in the country is due to poor infrastructure. Most of the tourist destinations have inaccessible roads since they are located in remote areas making them almost inaccessible to the tourists.

A Portfolio in Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Characteristics Essay

A Portfolio in Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Characteristics - Essay Example The paper tells that the creation of a business plan will not be acted upon unless the business concept is created. Concepts are based on the ideas of the group members who are planning to put up a business. This process is called idea generation. Idea generation puts emphasis on creativity, and on the discovery of new ideas. Not all ideas are turned into a business concept; it has to be weighed based on its appeal and substance, and the best idea that is chosen is the one used for commercialisation. It is the method used to stimulate and pick up internal, as well as the external ideas. In idea generation, the obtained ideas are being converted into an instrument that helps organisations reach their objectives. Since the process of creating a business plan takes a long time, it is crucial to choose the most appropriate idea to be used for commercialisation, to save time and effort. The success of an entrepreneurial venture depends on the accuracy of the business plan, and the accurac y and effectiveness of a business plan depend upon the ideas that were generated through the process of idea generation. Strategic objectives are extensive, long-term goals, which identify the basic nature and direction of an entrepreneurial venture. It serves as the basis for the decisions made by the members of the group or organisation that are planning a business. It takes into account the necessary information required in the making of a new product or business such as the product or service used as the main attraction, the primary target market, and the designated location. (Crosson and Needles, 2011, p.6). When the members of an organisation have already chosen the strategy to be implemented for the proposed business, strategic objectives have to be designated. It will help them recognise the probable outcome of the strategy and identify the targeted results of the business plan. However, one must ensure that the objectives are definite and assessable, and this can be done th rough including the targeted dates, the values to be attained and the milestones that are aimed by the firm (Stutely, 2002, p.113). Market Analysis and Research Information with regard to the target market, competitors, and marketing trends are seen in the market analysis section of the business plan. The target market is the group of people to whom the organisation wishes to sell or offer its product or service. This group of people is classified and identified through the process of market segmentation. Market trends can be classified into two, and these are industry trends and target market trends. Market research involves the methods used to obtain relevant information that are useful in making accurate and preventing inappropriate business decisions. The giving of questionnaires, polls, and surveys are some of the techniques used in market research. Competition Business competition is fundamentally a contest of product or service salability. Competitors are rival

The UK Motor Car Market Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

The UK Motor Car Market - Essay Example The UK motor market is controlled by the factors in the macro-environment, which are not in the control of the companies, and also by factors in the microenvironment, which can be usually controlled by the companies. Both these macro and micro factors can be collected and assessed in a detailed manner through certain analytical tools. So, this report will first conduct a STEEPLE analysis of the UK motor car market, evaluating aspects, which are important to car manufacturing organizations. Then the report will focus on the microeconomic environment, discussing UK motor market from the perspective of the product, labor and competition, and finally ending with examples of how HRM is practiced in car manufacturing organizations in line with these macro and micro aspects. When viewed from a socio-cultural perspective, cars and other forms of automobiles in the UK market are maximally seen as status symbols and as products that will boost one's image. Although all cars are for transportation, certain brands will have a high price tag, due to their power, efficiency features, technology and importantly their brand name. However, due to a slowdown in economic growth, many people â€Å"are waking up to the fact that owning† a costly branded car is â€Å"not the status symbol that it was once perceived to be.† (Milmo 2011). So, people are not buying cars particularly high branded cars that frequently, and this socio-cultural aspect could also be one of the reasons, why UK car sales fell for the 13th consecutive month. (Milmo 2011). Technology Updating and incorporating new and efficient technologies is a key aspect of car manufacturing. The consumers all over the world including UK are not only demanding a lot of features and comfortable ride, but importantly fuel efficiency. So, the automobile companies are investing and have to keep on investing heavily in R&D, particularly for the development of fuel efficient options. If this trend continues, it is expected that by 2015, 25% of the vehicles will be high technology cars like Hybrids and cars that run on alternate fuels (Frost and Sullivan 2010). The figure below clearly shows that America and European countries including UK will be the major drivers behind it. Fig 1: (Frost and Sullivan 2010). Ecological Carbon-dioxide emission from automobiles is considered to be the biggest polluter, damaging the natural environment. Thus, the manufacturers in the UK motor market are looking for alternative green technologies. These technologies include hybridization, mor e efficient powertrains and alternative fuels, so that â€Å"tailpipe emissions have zero impact on air quality emissions by 2030-2050.† (â€Å"UK publishes roadmap†, 2011). Another reason for adopting this option is the depleting oil reserves. Political Number of emission norms, are being set by the UK government to address the environmental concerns, thus allowing the political machinery to play a role in the macroeconomic environment. Actually, the European countries on the whole have also been passing emission norms (Euro 5 and 6 being the current standards) which the car manufacturers have to comply with. In addition to emission norms, governments impact companies in UK motor market through laws relating to mileage per gallon and importantly passenger safety laws. Legal As an extension of its political role, UK government has stipulated legal requirements that need to be fulfilled while

A Portfolio in Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Characteristics Essay

A Portfolio in Entrepreneurship and Entrepreneurial Characteristics - Essay Example The paper tells that the creation of a business plan will not be acted upon unless the business concept is created. Concepts are based on the ideas of the group members who are planning to put up a business. This process is called idea generation. Idea generation puts emphasis on creativity, and on the discovery of new ideas. Not all ideas are turned into a business concept; it has to be weighed based on its appeal and substance, and the best idea that is chosen is the one used for commercialisation. It is the method used to stimulate and pick up internal, as well as the external ideas. In idea generation, the obtained ideas are being converted into an instrument that helps organisations reach their objectives. Since the process of creating a business plan takes a long time, it is crucial to choose the most appropriate idea to be used for commercialisation, to save time and effort. The success of an entrepreneurial venture depends on the accuracy of the business plan, and the accurac y and effectiveness of a business plan depend upon the ideas that were generated through the process of idea generation. Strategic objectives are extensive, long-term goals, which identify the basic nature and direction of an entrepreneurial venture. It serves as the basis for the decisions made by the members of the group or organisation that are planning a business. It takes into account the necessary information required in the making of a new product or business such as the product or service used as the main attraction, the primary target market, and the designated location. (Crosson and Needles, 2011, p.6). When the members of an organisation have already chosen the strategy to be implemented for the proposed business, strategic objectives have to be designated. It will help them recognise the probable outcome of the strategy and identify the targeted results of the business plan. However, one must ensure that the objectives are definite and assessable, and this can be done th rough including the targeted dates, the values to be attained and the milestones that are aimed by the firm (Stutely, 2002, p.113). Market Analysis and Research Information with regard to the target market, competitors, and marketing trends are seen in the market analysis section of the business plan. The target market is the group of people to whom the organisation wishes to sell or offer its product or service. This group of people is classified and identified through the process of market segmentation. Market trends can be classified into two, and these are industry trends and target market trends. Market research involves the methods used to obtain relevant information that are useful in making accurate and preventing inappropriate business decisions. The giving of questionnaires, polls, and surveys are some of the techniques used in market research. Competition Business competition is fundamentally a contest of product or service salability. Competitors are rival

Process Essay How to Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Process How to - Essay Example Next, once you have understood what kind of job you would be working in, researching on the different operation you will have to perform as a part of the job would be helpful, since the interview questions could bear direct or indirect relevance to the job profile. It would of great significance, to conduct a research no the company or organisation you would be working for, since you need to ensure and convince the interviewer that the mission statement fo the company coincides with your personal aim; and that a combination of the two can be of great use, mutually. Once you have done the background research, it's time you get into the groove, and reserahc on some FAQs at interviews. Numerous websites and books these days offer questions that are most often asked. Consecutive rounds in an interview could be different. For instance you could have a simulation round or a telephonic conversation round. This requires you to be spontaneous, simple and creative. It is the safest bet to be completely thorough with one's resume and be prepared for questions based on your job experiences or qualifications. Putting forth false claims no t he resume is a complete no-no, since questions on them could bowl you over! Good command over your communication, both verbal and non-verbal, is a must. Besides this, a grasp on the current affairs could be very useful as well. All said and done, we all know that exams can either be a nightmarish experience or a cakewalk, depending upon the official who sets the question paper! The same formula applies to an interview setup; the progress in your interview depends on your interviewer. Like some stereotypes that we come across in our daily lives, a close assessment on the different kinds of interviewers can leave you surprised! You simply need to prepare your interaction, on the basis of these stereotypic interviewers and lo, your job is done! Here are a few typical interviewers whom you are likely to come across in a number of interviews. The lets-talk-Business type This is the kind of interviewer, who is typically serious and jumps direct to the point. You can spot him weighing options and thinking pensively regarding his decision-making. He questions you about your past work experiences, the role you have played at your previous job, your skill-sets and the like. He does not start of by conversing or small-talk, and rather tackles all that he wants to, right away! In order to tackle this serious interviewer, take care to answer to-the-point and keep your answers informative and substantially rounded and clear. Do stress on the fact that you would be an asset for the organisation and show enough proof, to support that statement! The Simulating Brainy type He is the interviewer who conjures situations and trying circumstances and rather

Stability Analysis of DC Distribution System

Stability Analysis of DC Distribution System Stability Analysis of DC Distribution System with Constant Multiple Power Loads Ethics Declaration Checklist (to be completed by student) Does this project involve the use of: YES/NO Human participants, NO Previously collected confidential data, NO Animals for scientific purposes? NO If YES to any of the above, then the proposal will not be approved and you will not be allowed to proceed with this project. By submitting this report through the unit website for assessment, you certify that the information provided above is true and correct. Abstract In recent times dc distribution system is become a very complex which consist different types of multiple power converters. But system is suffered from stability related problem which arise due to negative incremental impedance of constant power loads. There are several methods for stability analysis of dc distribution system such as Middelbrook criterion, phase and gain margin criterion, energy source consortium criterion and the Passivity- Based stability criterion (PBSC). Furthermore, one another technique which name is Positive Feed-Forward control which is used with PBSC to improve the stability and to solve the system interaction problem. The main aim of the project is to run whole system into simulation mode in MATLAB and try to make the system stable. Introduction Now day dc distribution systems are mostly based on the power electronics Which used power converter and semiconductor devices. As a result stability and dynamic performance developed due to converter interconnection system. As we mentioned above there are most of criterion can be used only for single bus system. However, the power electronics based system consist multiple converter and multibus system so for this complex scenario the most reliable and accurate technique is the Passive Based Stability Critrion (PBSC). In this technique, stability of the any system may be derived by evaluating the system bus impedance. (Siegers, Arrua and Santi, 2017) Furthermore, in PBSC technique the system may be stable if the bus impedance of the system is analysed as a passive therefore this system also need to couple with positive feed-forward technique which is used to design stabilizing controllers that force the system bus passivity by damping impedances. The main concept of dynamic performance is based on impedance region of the system so suitable damping impedance can be developed or calculated in the system using the PFF control. Fig1.0 multi-bus system with power converters Motivation In recent time, to work with dc distribution system becomes very easier because of developed semiconductor technology and power electronics converters. In power system network generally stability of any system is very import if it is dc or ac distribution. Power quality is generally related to voltage quality of the system. At this stage, the main tendency is to change ac distribution system with high level dc distribution system. There are several technique are available for stability analysis of dc distribution system but the impedance based stability criterion such as PBSC is widely used. When any system is connected with the constant power load then it may be suffer from instability because it causes to increase the current. As a result it will definitely decrease the voltage. (Hodge Flower, 2009). In addition, PBSC is recently developed stability analysis technique which is exhibit better stability margins and establishes certain performance. Furthermore, this technique is power electronics based so it may consist of multiple power converters. There is one basic architecture model is given in fig 1.0. This technique is now applied to several networks such as automotive power system, telecommunication system, electric- ship and electric- aircraft, as well as electric and hybrid- electric vehicles. (Siegers, 2017). Moreover, firstly PBSC technique could be apply only to single bus system which consist of source and load converter. But after dynamic closed loop response of the converters is establish using standard resistively intermediate converter which is used to limit the analysis of single bus system. In general, the multi-bus power converter system has n numbers of buses and also has large number of switching converters, sources and loads. Multi-bus system is evaluated to an equivalent network (n-Port) to each bus. Mostly, passive based stability criterion is developed in frequency domain. Objectives The main objective of this project is how DC distribution system should be become stable during constant power load using PBSC technique. PBSC is one of the different techniques which can be used for both single and multiple bus system so it will be helpful to understand the switching system of converter. Need to analysis of criteria for the stability of dc distribution system. To create the circuit of dc distribution using switching converter for different block system such as open loop, feed forward input control. Create the matrix diagram and its calculation of transfer function. To run whole DC distribution model in simulation mode in MATLAB. To compare and analysis of the actual calculation and simulation result for stability. Significance The main significance of this method is that system may be stable if the network is passive. PSBC is mostly used for multi-bus system so it has n number of load converter and m number of source converter. Therefore, mainly two criteria for system stable which related to total equivalent impedance. Z(bus) has no poles on right half plane(RHP) Re{Z(bus(jw) >=0} or Z(jw) has a contour of Nyquist which is lies totally in the RHP. The main goal of the technique is to make system stable. So, positive feed- forward control (PFF) is using damping impedance in parallel with the existing impedance. The main reason of using damping impedance is to stabilize the DC bus voltage by changing the bus impedance in the frequency domain. Furthermore, there are mainly three types of parallel damping cases such as Capacitor parallel damping, R-C parallel damping and L-R-C parallel damping. Proposed Approach The project work can be divided into a number of tasks that lead to complete work sequentially and successfully for achieving the main objective. There are mainly four task that need to be done such as research or understand the DC system, Principle of PBSC technique and how it is different from the other stability technique, matrix analysis and mathematical approach and finally to establish dc distribution model in simulation mode in MATLAB. In the first task, it is necessary to understand the basic principle of dc system such as how dc system works and why dc system becomes unstable in certain condition. Furthermore, PBSC is the main part of this project so it is necessary to understand other stable system first then how PBSC can be different technique than other for example; these only one system which can be used for multi-bus system. In addition, the main role is that it works with switching converter because dc system can work only in resistive part but due to switching approach in time domain analysis it can work with inductive and capacitive part. The third part is to establish mathematical model or calculation of any system by using matrix formation. It will give the actual value of impedance for stability of system because whole method is depends on impedance of the system. Finally, the last part of this project is very important. It is necessary to understand the MATLAB software and then apply simulation mode for DC grid system. Timeline One grant chart is given in the appendix which shows the whole timeline of the project. In the first semester, project is divided into 13 weeks excluding holidays and exams. The description and time is also given in the grant chart. Furthermore, for semester 2 dates and description is not fixed but given approximate nearly. During the project, it may come some error and difficulties then some changes will occur. Each task is given sequentially and it may help to complete the whole task in given period. Risk Assessment There is another attachment is given in appendix which shows the risk of the project. In general, the risk of the project is very low because mostly work in simulation mode not in the real world. There are several factors which can be affecting on the project such as supervisor, health, personal, software, equipment and computer. All factors are defined by code which is given below. SUP- Supervisor Per- Personal HLTH- health EQU- equipment CMP- computer SFT- software As mentioned above the overall risk of this project is low. Some risk factors are near to zero such as supervisor, personal. The health risk also low but sometimes it is dangerous for eyes due to sitting in front of computer but it can be overcome wearing the glasses. Instrument risk sometimes high because of awareness of using but it can solve by taking care properly. Computer data risk is very low and it can be overcome by back up data in USB. Software risk can be moderate. Progress to Date The current level of the project work is at initial stage. Firstly I try to understand the how DC system is different than AC system. Furthermore, Try to find research paper related to the project work. Research is started on PBSC (Passive based stability criterion) technique and its main principal of this technique. Try to understand that why PBSC is used for stability analysis rather than another method. I am trying to understand matrix equation of stability criterion. In addition, in the last session I understand how DC system works with capacitor and inductor. Also I get broad knowledge about using capacitor in parallel with any circuit. In further session we will learn whole system and after we will learn the MATLAB software for future simulation. Conclusion After completing all task of this report, the stability of dc distribution system is quit complex but it is very useful for high voltage distribution system. It is very reliable and easier than AC system. The PBSC technique is also better than other technique because multi- bus system stability developed. Also PBSC is also analysis the passivity for individual bus system within MVDC system present. This technique is also validated or applies for both simulation and experimental model of four converter system. Also PBSC can reduce design and sensitivity to component. There are some benefits of this system such as reduce power dissipation, large currents, weight and cost. References [1] Barkley, A., Santi, E. (2009). Improved online identification of a DC-DC converter and its control loop gain using cross-correlation methods. IEEE Transactions on power electronics, 24(8), 2021-2031. [2] Barkley, A., Dougal, R., Santi, E. (2011, March). Adaptive control of power converters using Digital Network Analyzer Techniques. In Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2011 Twenty-Sixth Annual IEEE (pp. 1824-1832). IEEE. [3] Bottrell, N., Prodanovic, M., Green, T. C. (2013). Dynamic stability of a microgrid with an active load. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 28(11), 5107-5119. [4] Cho, H. Y., Santi, E. (2008, November). Modeling and stability analysis in multi-converter systems including positive feedforward control. In Industrial Electronics, 2008. IECON 2008. 34th Annual Conference of IEEE (pp. 839-844). IEEE. [5] Cvetkovic, I., Boroyevich, D., Mattavelli, P., Lee, F. C., Dong, D. (2013). Unterminated small-signal behavioral model of DC-DC converters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 28(4), 1870-1879. [6] Lin, R. L., Yeh, P. Y., Liu, C. H. (2012). Positive feed-forward control scheme for distributed power conversion system with multiple voltage sources. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 27(7), 3186-3194. [7] Lin, R. L., Liu, W. S., Chen, J. F., Chen, M. H., Liu, C. H. (2013). Positive feedforward control for multimodule output-series power-conversion systems with individual nonideal sources. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 60(4), 1323-1334. [8] Riccobono, A. (2013). Stabilizing Controller Design for a DC Power Distribution System using a Passivity-Based Stability Criterion. [9] Riccobono, A., Santi, E. (2013). Positive feedforward control of three-phase voltage source inverter for DC input bus stabilization with experimental validation. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 49(1), 168-177. [10] Riccobono, A., Santi, E. (2012, February). A novel passivity-based stability criterion (PBSC) for switching converter DC distribution systems. In Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2012 Twenty-Seventh Annual IEEE (pp. 2560-2567). IEEE. [11] Rivetta, C., Williamson, G. A., Emadi, A. (2005, July). Constant power loads and negative impedance instability in sea and undersea vehicles: statement of the problem and comprehensive large-signal solution. In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium, 2005 IEEE (pp. 313-320). IEEE. [12] Siegers, J., Arrua, S., Santi, E. (2017). Stabilizing Controller Design for Multibus MVdc Distribution Systems Using a Passivity-Based Stability Criterion and Positive Feedforward Control. IEEE Journal of Emerging and Selected Topics in Power Electronics, 5(1), 14-27. [13] Sudhoff, S. D., Crider, J. M. (2011, April). Advancements in generalized immittance based stability analysis of DC power electronics based distribution systems. In Electric Ship Technologies Symposium (ESTS), 2011 IEEE (pp. 207-212). IEEE. [14] Sun, J. (2011). Impedance-based stability criterion for grid-connected inverters. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 26(11), 3075-3078. [15] Zadeh, M. K., Gavagsaz-Ghoachani, R., Martin, J., Pierfederici, S., Nahid-Mobarakeh, B., Molinas, M. (2014). A new discrete-time modelling of PWM converters for stability analysis of DC microgrid. Proc Electrimacs14, 1-6. [16] Zadeh, M. K., Gavagsaz-Ghoachani, R., Martin, J. P., Pierfederici, S., Nahid-Mobarakeh, B., Molinas, M. (2015, March). Discrete-time modelling, stability analysis, and active stabilization of dc distribution systems with constant power loads. In Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 2015 IEEE (pp. 323-329). IEEE. [17] Zenger, K., Altowati, A., Suntio, T. (2006, November). Stability and performance analysis of regulated converter systems. In IEEE Industrial Electronics, IECON 2006-32nd Annual Conference on (pp. 1975-1980). IEEE. Attachment 1 Timeline Chart Attachment 2 Risk Assessment Matrix Risk Reference Risks Consequences CurrentRisk Treatments Current Level of Risk AdditionalRisk Treatments Residual Level of Risk Likelihood Consequence Risk Level Ranking Likelihood Consequence Risk Level Ranking SUP Not available on campus Not get enough information Contact through mail 0 0 0 L Not required 0 0 0 L HLTH-1 Health problem Delay in project Precaution needed 0 1 1 L Not required 0 0 0 L HLTH-2 Eye related problem Eye burning Very less chance 1 1 2 L Wear glasses 1 2 2 L PER-1 Family issues Not concentre on work Work management 2 2 3 M Progress work 1 2 2 M PER-2 sickness Reduce work efficiency Take rest 0 1 1 M Take medicines 0 1 2 M EQP-1 Laptop not working Lost data Backup or save file 2 2 3 L Online store cloud 0 0 1 L CMP-1 Cable not working Not charging properly Protect the cable 1 1 1 L Extra cable 0 0 1 L CMP-2 Tough screen problem Not getting data Use keyboard 0 0 1 L Not required 0 0 0 L SFT-1 Software not available Work delay Try another software 0 1 2 L Not required 0 0 0 L Activity Overall Risk Rating 0.00 LOw

The Israeli and Palestinian Conflict Essay -- Middle East Conflict War

The Israeli and Palestinian Conflict - Many Questions, Few Answers Unless the Israelis and Palestinians could not compromise, negotiate and come to an agreement, peace is impossible in the Middle East and even the security fence that Israel is now building will not solve the conflict nor stop terrorist actions by Palestinian extremists. The Israelis and Palestinians need to compromise and negotiate, as suggested by the words written on that wall, â€Å"Peace comes (with) agreement not separation.† The leaders of both sides of the conflict should think of the future generations. They should agree to disagree –meaning that they should come to terms and pour out all their grievances, the cause and root of their anger and go beyond that anger to think of a solution that both sides would agree upon. They should decide what is best for their people and the land they would both like and wish to call home. Historically, the land being fought by the Israelis and Palestinians never experienced any peace at all. Palestine was occupied and fought by different groups, Ottoman and the Roman Empires, and the Crusaders. In late 19th century, the population of Palestine was mostly Arabs, nomads, and some Jews but that soon changed. In Europe, Jews were being persecuted so leaders of European Jews gathered in Switzerland to form the Zionist movement. The goal of Zionism was to â€Å"create for the Jewish people a home in Palestine secured by public law.† The slogan, â€Å"A land without people for a people without land† by Dr. Chaim Weizmann, a Zionist leader successfully helped support the Zionist movement’s goal. And under the British government who occupied and governed Palestine at that time and with the Balfour Declaration, a Jewish homeland was established in Palestine. The Balfour Declaration allowed migration of Jews to Palestine during World War I, which led to anti-Jewish riots by the Palestinians. The Palestinians felt more betrayed and reacted badly when more European Jews who were escaping Nazi persecution, were allowed to migrate to Palestine during and after the World War II. They demanded an independent Palestinian state. They attacked British troops and posts, as well as Jewish settlements. The settlers counterattacked and retaliated while at the same time, the British escalated its oppressive measures against the Palestinians by destroying their homes and sentencin... ...e so-called leaders in Palestine and Israel and some here at the US don’t want peace in that land at all. They have their own agenda and interest to protect at all cost. The Palestinians’ hatred of Jews would extend even beyond Israel. Palestinian supporters from the Arab and Muslim world saw the biases, prejudice and injustice done to the Palestinian people. The United States with its support of Israel became a victim of this hatred and vengeance with the terrorist attack on September 11, 2001. Thousands of lives and billions of dollars of properties were lost. Is peace possible in the Middle East? Would the wall being built by the Israeli government protect its people from Palestinians violence and terrorism? Is there a possibility of an independent Palestinian state? Could there be a solution to the Palestinian problem and its refugees? Could the illegal Israeli settlements of Palestinian lands be ever resolved or removed? Could the Palestinians and Israelis ever live together in peace? Would there be a leader on both sides who could lead their people to make peace to each other? These are the questions that are hard to answer with the ongoing situation in the Middle East.

Religion and Heavy Music Essay -- Religion Music

Do you ever find yourself singing along to a song but not really registering what it is you are singing? I recently caught myself doing just this, which led to the realization that in all the years I had listened to that song, the lyrics had never sunk in. The particular song that I was listening to had one particular line that struck me, â€Å"Cleanliness is Godliness, and Godliness is cleanliness, and God is empty just like me.† (Corgan, 1995) Once I truly heard this line I began to contemplate the religious communities thoughts and concerns regarding metal and alternative music, even the metal bands who are considered Christian. Music plays a very large role in religion and worship, inside and outside of the church. Within church, hymns and various spiritual songs are used as an emotional way to connect with God and each other. Spiritual music can also be used as a way for people to memorize scripture, particularly for younger children. Church music comes in many different forms, some have musical instruments, some use more modern music, some have choirs, some use tapes, and others just use the voices of the congregation. No matter what the form or style of music, it plays an integral role within churches. Outside of the church, people use spiritual music to express their love and devotion. Every genre of music has a Christian sector, even metal or alternative. The varying modern genres of Christian music tend to appeal to a younger crowd and allows them to find their own way and express individualism within Christianity. The most stigmatized genre of music, particularly within the Christian religion, is metal and alternative music. There have been books written about metal music and the evil it represents, there hav... ...010, from http://www.demonhunter.net/main.php Hann, Michael. (2010). Prophetic and poetic: in praise of heavy metal. Guardian, Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/2010/aug/31/in-praise-of-heavy-metal Corgan , Billy (Composer). (1995). Zero [Recorded by Smashing Pumpkins]. On Mellon Collie and The Infinite Sadness [Medium of recording: CD] Virgin Records. Priest says church can learn from metal. (2010). Ultimate Guitar, Retrieved from http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/general_music_news/priest_says_church_can_learn_from_metal.html Cimino, Richard, & Lattin, Don. (1997). Shopping for faith: american religion in the new millennium. San Franciso, CA: Jossey-Bass Inc. Raschke, C. A. (1990) Painted black: From drug killings to heavy metal: The alarming true story of how satanism is terrorizing our communities. Harper Row, San Francisco, CA. Religion and Heavy Music Essay -- Religion Music Do you ever find yourself singing along to a song but not really registering what it is you are singing? I recently caught myself doing just this, which led to the realization that in all the years I had listened to that song, the lyrics had never sunk in. The particular song that I was listening to had one particular line that struck me, â€Å"Cleanliness is Godliness, and Godliness is cleanliness, and God is empty just like me.† (Corgan, 1995) Once I truly heard this line I began to contemplate the religious communities thoughts and concerns regarding metal and alternative music, even the metal bands who are considered Christian. Music plays a very large role in religion and worship, inside and outside of the church. Within church, hymns and various spiritual songs are used as an emotional way to connect with God and each other. Spiritual music can also be used as a way for people to memorize scripture, particularly for younger children. Church music comes in many different forms, some have musical instruments, some use more modern music, some have choirs, some use tapes, and others just use the voices of the congregation. No matter what the form or style of music, it plays an integral role within churches. Outside of the church, people use spiritual music to express their love and devotion. Every genre of music has a Christian sector, even metal or alternative. The varying modern genres of Christian music tend to appeal to a younger crowd and allows them to find their own way and express individualism within Christianity. The most stigmatized genre of music, particularly within the Christian religion, is metal and alternative music. There have been books written about metal music and the evil it represents, there hav... ...010, from http://www.demonhunter.net/main.php Hann, Michael. (2010). Prophetic and poetic: in praise of heavy metal. Guardian, Retrieved from http://www.guardian.co.uk/theguardian/2010/aug/31/in-praise-of-heavy-metal Corgan , Billy (Composer). (1995). Zero [Recorded by Smashing Pumpkins]. On Mellon Collie and The Infinite Sadness [Medium of recording: CD] Virgin Records. Priest says church can learn from metal. (2010). Ultimate Guitar, Retrieved from http://www.ultimate-guitar.com/news/general_music_news/priest_says_church_can_learn_from_metal.html Cimino, Richard, & Lattin, Don. (1997). Shopping for faith: american religion in the new millennium. San Franciso, CA: Jossey-Bass Inc. Raschke, C. A. (1990) Painted black: From drug killings to heavy metal: The alarming true story of how satanism is terrorizing our communities. Harper Row, San Francisco, CA.

Socrates On the Unexamined Mind

James Perkins Liberty University (Philosophy) â€Å"Unexamined Life is not worth Living† Socrates believed that people do not think for themselves he also believe that if an individual cannot â€Å"think† that person is not open for others to question his/hers thoughts. The outcome of this dilemma in Socrates mind is â€Å"life is not worth living†. According to our presentational lectures â€Å"Philosophy† is a critical examination of our thoughts â€Å"Critical thinking†.If we cannot think our way through life, then life has no meaning, and it is not worth living. I believe Socrates quote is true, what purpose are we pursuing in life? If any at all, Socrates carefully chooses the word â€Å"unexamined† our lecture teaches us that philosophy is a critical examination of our basic beliefs concerning reality. In my opinion reality is life; therefore we must ask ourselves the question, what is life? Speaking from a philosophical point of view, I believe life has no meaning, if we do not know who we are or what our purpose in life is.In our culture today many people want to exclude their past and forget what they have gone through in life. I believe as Socrates did in his time, to examine your past and the outcome of your future will lie before you. Again, I strongly believe Socrates famous quote is true, not only is it true, this quote has â€Å"step on the toes† of many people for many years. Why? In our current culture today we the people have issues on just using basic common sense. I believe common sense is a gift from God, therefore it is a natural gift.

Linguistics Classes, Verb and Noun

â€Å"Discuss and contrast some of the main features of the classes VERB and NOUN in English and any other language. † In this essay I will make an attempt to discuss differences between two classes of lexemes, which are verb and noun. In order to conduct that analysis in a detailed manner I will refer to two languages, English and Polish (minor references to French will also help my studies). I will start from defining what one can refer to as class in linguistics. I will to refer to certain shadows of doubt that may be casted on that categorization.This will be followed by elaborating subtleties of what constitutes a verb providing examples and showing contrasts between two languages examined. With the help of studying materials I’ll manage to outline empirical criteria for how the concept of verb can be understood by a linguist. Then, I will implement similar methodology to clarify the concept of a noun class. Finally I will arrive at a conclusion that beyond any dou bt those two categories are distinctly different and minor similarities emphasized by two drastically different languages simply make the case more interesting.A scholar is able to divide every language into two diverse, but mutually supplementing, categories. Grammar is a set of closed system that determines how items of the language interact with each other. Lexicon, on the other hand provides a glossary of lexemes. Lexeme is more than a word, as it refers to all possible variations of linguistic items used within language. Its relation to the meaning can sometimes proves difficult to define without implementing a variety of terms in the definition. To fully explain what a given lexeme means it has to be placed in a variety of contexts and supported with examples.An alternative to lexicon is called a thesaurus and it groups words accordingly to their semantic similarities. Lexicon can be further divided into classes of lexemes. Unlike grammar, these systems of lexical concepts are open, which means their content varies depending on the language. Before drawing the line between nouns and verbs I’d like to draw attention to possible blurs of that line. In English language words such as [walk] relate to both a noun and a verb. This is not exactly a homonym (lexeme that has the same form but varies in its meaning) as both words refer to the same activity.Interesting comparison with the Polish language is that it never uses verbs as noun but still has large variety of verb derived nouns such as zapalenie (inflammation) or skojarzenie (association). Despite that fact verb derived noun in Polish such as bieg (a run) is not its noun form of the verb – bieganie (running). It also contains a significantly smaller number of homonyms, most of which either differs in spelling (kot-kod) or has a foreign origin (pilot – tv remote and pilot – one that steers a plane) and is usually a noun. English uses multiple homonyms within different classes a nd semantic distances: pitch, division.As no universal differentiation can be drawn for classes of verb and noun they are most commonly identified by several categories of lexemes. Verb in every language refers to motion, rest, giving, affect, corporeal, attention and speaking. Some languages allow further distinction to nuclear and non-nuclear verbs. Nuclear verb of rest in Polish would be lezec (means to lay, applied to either an object or a person) and the non-nuclear item that can be defined only by a reference to the nuclear verb – zalegac (to lay somewhere for a long time/to stand in the way of everyday activities).English, on the other hand cannot provide a good example of such a lexical item. A scholar can also mark off verbs to be transitive or non-transitive. A transitive verb needs to be completed by an object of the action (We left John. ) while the intransitive is complete without any object to follow (We could not stand it so we left. ). In Polish transitive (pr zesuwac – to move an object) are entirely different words than intransitive verbs (skakac – to jump). Categories that will only refer to verbs class are modality and tense aspect.Both in Polish and English future past and present tenses occur, however in Polish perfect tenses are only implied by the context: Patrze na niego od godziny – I’ve been watching him for an hour. What’s also fascinating is that in past and future continuous tense Polish verbs suddenly have gender. Discussing modality it’s worth mentioning that in Polish imperative mode of a verb is always a different form any regular conjugation (which wouldn’t be the case in French). English modality is most likely to be contained within the context of the sentence.Comparing these languages from the perspective of verbs scholar should also bear in mind that while English has phrasal verbs (put it off) that are quite different from their lexeme of origin (put) Polish does not . I’d risk a statement that this function is associated with a complex system of prefixes (wlaczyc, wylaczyc – turn on, turn off). Following the applied logic one ought to explain the lexical class of noun with its typical references. Nouns describe parts of the human body and components of other things, fauna, flora, sun moon and stars, elements, and artefacts.They also stand for abstract terms such as emotions, colour or time. Latter one often leads to interesting observations when examined from a linguistic perspective. In Polish and French instead of asking for the time, one asks for the number of the hour. A noun could be derived from verbs or adjectives (swim, hatred) or underived (beauty, fish). Dixon stated that transitivity value of verbs is equally important to the gender of the noun. In English nouns don’t have gender, while in Polish and French even objects have gender. Distribution of gender qualities within these lexemes can be conditioned by the c ontext of culture.It’s also often implied by vowel suffix in French and Polish (e in French and a in Polish). Nouns can take singular form or plural form when added a suffix (s in English and i in Polish). There are exceptions both grammatical (fish) and mass-nouns (mud). Some languages include use of a possessive suffix, however neither English nor Polish would be an example. Class of nouns also includes generic terms, which mean a word that can mean a variety of things depending on the implied intention. An example that is close to perfection is the noun â€Å"thing† which can stand for any other noun.It can as well be a feature of speech style. Curious detail is, when translated, the word thing in Polish can take two forms (cos/rzecz), both have a similar meaning but are used in different context and the latter one has a female gender. Less obvious example would be a Polish word wiersz, which can refer to a poem as well as to a single text line. According to scholar s like Marantz certain lexical items can be used in a variety of syntactic structure and implementation of any lexicon, therefore classes such as nouns or verbs are entirely futille.I beg to differ as the summary of my analysis shows multiple differences and distinctive features of each class. Verbs and nouns are defined with a variety of different concepts. Every additional term that refers to categories within a class is like an additional dimension, which outline boundaries of semantic field necessary for understanding the concept. Therefore, provides a valuable methodology for linguistic studies. Blake Lezenski Word Count: 1235 Bibliography: R. M. W. Dixon, 2012. Basic Linguistic Theory Volume 3: Further Grammatical Topics. Edition 1. Oxford University Press, USA. Erkelens, M. A. , 2009.Learning to categorize verbs and nouns: studies on Dutch. Ultrecht: Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication ————————— Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€Ã¢â‚¬â€œ [ 1 ]. Dixon R. M. W. Dixon, 2012. Basic Linguistic Theory Volume 3: Further Grammatical Topics. Edition 1. Oxford University Press, USA, p. 290. [ 2 ]. Ibid 291. [ 3 ]. Ibid 291. [ 4 ]. Ibid 300. [ 5 ]. Ibid 293. [ 6 ]. Ibid 300. [ 7 ]. Ibid 305. [ 8 ]. Ibid 291. [ 9 ]. Ibid 302. [ 10 ]. Ibid 301. [ 11 ]. Erkelens, M. A. , 2009. Learning to categorize verbs and nouns: studies on Dutch. Ultrecht: Amsterdam Center for Language and Communication, p. 26.